Impacts of ENSO on United States Tornadic Activity
Article Figures









Figure 1. Five-month running mean of sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Temperature thresholds for El Niño (red) and La Niña (blue) are marked. Back









Figure 2. Spatial area included in this study. Red lines show 2.5° by 2.5° bins that were used to perform analyses. Back









Figure 3. (a). Geographic regions where changes in tornadic activity were found during El Niño. (b). Geographic regions where changes in tornadic activity were found during El Niño. Red lines show 2.5° by 2.5° bins that were used to perform analyses. Back









Figure 4. Differences in the seasonal number of tornado events in 2.5° by 2.5° bins during El Niño as compared to neutral ENSO conditions. (a) JFM season. (b) FMA season. (c) MAM season. (d) AMJ season. Back









Figure 5. Differences in the seasonal number of tornado days in 2.5° by 2.5° bins during El Niño as compared to neutral ENSO conditions. (a) JFM season. (b) FMA season. (c) MAM season. (d) AMJ season. Back









Figure 6. Statistically significant differences in the seasonal number of tornado events in 2.5° by 2.5° bins during El Niño as compared to neutral ENSO conditions. (a) JFM season. (b) FMA season. (c) MAM season. (d) AMJ season. Back









Figure 7. (a) Bootstrapped tornado histogram during MAM Warm Event, 1.25° by 1.25° region near Dallas, Texas. (b) Bootstrapped tornado histogram during MAM Warm Event, 1.25° by 1.25° region near Shreveport, Louisiana. Back









Figure 8. Differences in the seasonal number of tornado events in 2.5° by 2.5° bins during La Niña as compared to neutral ENSO conditions. (a) JFM season. (b) FMA season. (c) MAM season. (d) AMJ season. Back









Figure 9. Differences in the seasonal number of tornado days in 2.5° by 2.5° bins during La Niña as compared to neutral ENSO conditions. (a) JFM season. (b) FMA season. (c) MAM season. (d) AMJ season. Back









Figure 10. Statistically significant differences in the seasonal number of tornado events in 2.5° by 2.5° bins during La Niña as compared to neutral ENSO conditions. (a) JFM season. (b) FMA season. (c) MAM season. (d) AMJ season. Back









Figure 11. (a) Bootstrapped tornado histogram during MAM Cold Event, 1.25° by 1.25° region near Indianapolis, Indiana. (b) Bootstrapped tornado histogram during MAM Cold Event, 1.25° by 1.25° region near Nashville, Tennessee. Back




Copyright 1999 Mark C. Bove. All Rights Reserved.