Penduff, T., de Verdière, A. C., & Barnier, B. (2001). General circulation and intergyre dynamics in the eastern North Atlantic from a regional primitive equation model. J. Geophys. Res. , 106 (C10), 22313–22329.
Peng, M. S., Maue, R. N., Reynolds, C. A., & Langland, R. H. (2007). Hurricanes Ivan, Jeanne, Karl (2004) and mid-latitude trough interactions. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , 97 (1-4), 221–237.
Perrie, W., Zhang, W., Bourassa, M., Shen, H., & Vachon, P. W. (2008). Impact of Satellite Winds on Marine Wind Simulations. Wea. Forecasting , 23 (2), 290–303.
Petraitis, D. C. (2006). Long-Term ENSO-Related Winter Rainfall Predictions over the Southeast U.S. Using the FSU Global Spectral Model . Master's thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
Abstract: Rainfall patterns over the Southeast U.S. have been found to be connected to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Warm ENSO events cause positive precipitation anomalies and cold ENSO events cause negative precipitation anomalies. With this level of connection, models can be used to test the predictability of ENSO events. Using the Florida State University Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM), model data over a 50-year period will be evaluated for its similarity to observations. The FSUGSM is a global spectral model with a T63 horizontal resolution (approximately 1.875°) and 17 unevenly spaced vertical levels. Details of this model can be found in Cocke and LaRow (2000). The experiment utilizes two runs using the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) RAS convection scheme and two runs using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) SAS convection scheme to comprise the ensemble. The simulation was done for 50 years, from 1950 to 1999. Reynolds and Smith monthly mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from 1950-1999 provide the lower boundary condition. Atmospheric and land conditions from January 1, 1987 and January 1, 1995 were used as the initial starting conditions. The observational precipitation data being used as the basis for comparison is a gridded global dataset from Willmott and Matsuura (2005). Phase precipitation differences show higher precipitation amounts for El Niño than La Niña in all model runs. Temporal correlations between model runs and the observations show southern and eastern areas with the highest correlation values during an ENSO event. Skill scores validate the findings of the model/observation correlations, with southern and eastern areas showing scores close to zero. Temporal correlations between tropical Pacific SSTs and Southeast precipitation further confirm the model's ability to predict ENSO precipitation patterns over the Southeast U.S. The inconsistency in the SST/precipitation correlations between the models can be attributed to differences in the 200-mb jet stream and 500-mb height anomalies. Slight differences in position and strength for both variables affect the teleconnection between tropical Pacific SSTs and Southeast.
Phelps, M. (2002). Assessment of the potential predictability in the NCEP/CPC dynamical seasonal forecast system . Master's thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
Phelps, M., Kumar, A., & O'Brien, J. J. (2002). Potential predictability in the NCEP/CPC dynamical seasonal forecast system . COAPS Technical Report 02-04a. Tallahassee, FL: Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University.
Podesta, G., Hansen, J., Jones, J. W., Kiker, C., LaRow, T. E., Legler, D., et al. (1999). An end¬to¬end Framework for the Effective Application of ENSO Related Climate Forecasts in the Agricultural Sector of Argentina. In 79th AMS Annual Meeting, AMS, Dallas, TX, USA .
Podesta, G., Letson, D., Jones, J., Mesian, C., Royce, F., Ferreyra, A., et al. (2000). Experiences in Application of ENSO-related Climate Information in the Agricultural Sector of Argentina. In International Forum on Climate Prediction, Agriculture and Development (pp. 217–221).
Podestá, G., Letson, D., Messina, C., Royce, F., Ferreyra, R. A., Jones, J., et al. (2002). Use of ENSO-related climate information in agricultural decision making in Argentina: a pilot experience. Agricultural Systems , 74 (3), 371–392.
Proshutinsky, A., Krishfield, R., Toole, J. M., Timmermans, M. - L., Williams, W., Zimmermann, S., et al. (2019). Analysis of the Beaufort Gyre Freshwater Content in 2003-2018. J Geophys Res Oceans , 124 (12).
Abstract: Hydrographic data collected from research cruises, bottom-anchored moorings, drifting Ice-Tethered Profilers, and satellite altimetry in the Beaufort Gyre region of the Arctic Ocean document an increase of more than 6,400 km(3) of liquid freshwater content from 2003 to 2018: a 40% growth relative to the climatology of the 1970s. This fresh water accumulation is shown to result from persistent anticyclonic atmospheric wind forcing (1997-2018) accompanied by sea ice melt, a wind-forced redirection of Mackenzie River discharge from predominantly eastward to westward flow, and a contribution of low salinity waters of Pacific Ocean origin via Bering Strait. Despite significant uncertainties in the different observations, this study has demonstrated the synergistic value of having multiple diverse datasets to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of Beaufort Gyre freshwater content variability. For example, Beaufort Gyre Observational System (BGOS) surveys clearly show the interannual increase in freshwater content, but without satellite or Ice-Tethered Profiler measurements, it is not possible to resolve the seasonal cycle of freshwater content, which in fact is larger than the year-to-year variability, or the more subtle interannual variations.
