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Author Zhang, M. ; Wu, Z. ; Qiao, F.
Title Deep Atlantic Ocean Warming Facilitated by the Deep Western Boundary Current and Equatorial Kelvin Waves Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2018 Publication Journal of Climate Abbreviated Journal J. Climate
Volume 31
Issue 20
Pages 8541-8555
Keywords Ocean ; Atlantic Ocean ; Heating ; Kelvin waves ; Ocean circulation ; Oceanic variability ; EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION ; NONSTATIONARY TIME-SERIES ; NORTH-ATLANTIC ; CLIMATE-CHANGE ; HEAT-CONTENT ; HIATUS ; VARIABILITY ; CIRCULATION ; TEMPERATURE ; PACIFIC
Abstract Increased heat storage in deep oceans has been proposed to account for the slowdown of global surface warming since the end of the twentieth century. How the imbalanced heat at the surface has been redistributed to deep oceans remains to be elucidated. Here, the evolution of deep Atlantic Ocean heat storage since 1950 on multidecadal or longer time scales is revealed. The anomalous heat in the deep Labrador Sea was transported southward by the shallower core of the deep western boundary current (DWBC). Upon reaching the equator around 1980, this heat transport route bifurcated into two, with one continuing southward along the DWBC and the other extending eastward along a narrow strip (about 4 degrees width) centered at the equator. In the 1990s and 2000s, meridional diffusion helped to spread warming in the tropics, making the eastward equatorial warming extension have a narrow head and wider tail. The deep Atlantic Ocean warming since 1950 had overlapping variability of approximately 60 years. The results suggest that the current basinwide Atlantic Ocean warming at depths of 1000-2000 m can be traced back to the subsurface warming in the Labrador Sea in the 1950s. An inference from these results is that the increased heat storage in the twenty-first century in the deep Atlantic Ocean is unlikely to partly account for the atmospheric radiative imbalance during the last two decades and to serve as an explanation for the current warming hiatus.
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ISSN 0894-8755
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Funding Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ user @
Serial 950
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Author Liu, Y. ; Tan, Z.-M. ; Wu, Z.
Title Noninstantaneous Wave-CISK for the Interaction between Convective Heating and Low-Level Moisture Convergence in the Tropics Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Abbreviated Journal J. Atmos. Sci.
Volume 76
Issue 7
Pages 2083-2101
Keywords Convection ; Diabatic heating ; Moisture ; moisture budget
Abstract The interaction between tropical convective heating and thermally forced circulation is investigated using a global dry primitive-equation model with the parameterization of wave-conditional instability of the second kind (CISK). It is demonstrated that deep convective heating can hardly sustain itself through the moisture convergence at low levels regardless of the fraction of immediate consumption of converged moisture. In contrast, when the fraction is large, shallow convective heating and its forced circulation exhibit preferred growth of small scales. As the “CISK catastrophe” mainly comes from the instantaneous characters of moisture-convection feedback in the conventional wave-CISK, a noninstantaneous wave-CISK is proposed, which highlights the accumulation-consumption (AC) time scale for the convective heating accumulation and/or the converged moisture consumption. In the new wave-CISK, once moisture is converged, the release of latent heat takes place gradually within an AC time scale. In this sense, convective heating is not only related to the instantaneous moisture convergence at the current time, but also to that which occurred in the past period of the AC time scale. The noninstantaneous wave-CISK could guarantee the occurrence of convective heating and/or moisture convergence at larger scales, and then favor the growth of long waves, and thus solve the problem of CISK catastrophe. With the new wave-CISK and AC time scale of 2 days, the simulated convective heating-driven system bears a large similarity to that of the observed convectively coupled Kelvin wave.
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ISSN 0022-4928
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Funding Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ user @
Serial 1065
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Author Maloney, E.D. ; Gettelman, A. ; Ming, Y. ; Neelin, J.D. ; Barrie, D. ; Mariotti, A. ; Chen, C.-C. ; Coleman, D.R.B. ; Kuo, Y.-H. ; Singh, B. ; Annamalai, H. ; Berg, A. ; Booth, J.F. ; Camargo, S.J. ; Dai, A. ; Gonzalez, A. ; Hafner, J. ; Jiang, X. ; Jing, X. ; Kim, D. ; Kumar, A. ; Moon, Y. ; Naud, C.M. ; Sobel, A.H. ; Suzuki, K. ; Wang, F. ; Wang, J. ; Wing, A.A. ; Xu, X. ; Zhao, M.
Title Process-Oriented Evaluation of Climate and Weather Forecasting Models Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Abbreviated Journal Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Volume 100
Issue 9
Pages 1665-1686
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Abstract Realistic climate and weather prediction models are necessary to produce confidence in projections of future climate over many decades and predictions for days to seasons. These models must be physically justified and validated for multiple weather and climate processes. A key opportunity to accelerate model improvement is greater incorporation of process-oriented diagnostics (PODs) into standard packages that can be applied during the model development process, allowing the application of diagnostics to be repeatable across multiple model versions and used as a benchmark for model improvement. A POD characterizes a specific physical process or emergent behavior that is related to the ability to simulate an observed phenomenon. This paper describes the outcomes of activities by the Model Diagnostics Task Force (MDTF) under the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program to promote development of PODs and their application to climate and weather prediction models. MDTF and modeling center perspectives on the need for expanded process-oriented diagnosis of models are presented. Multiple PODs developed by the MDTF are summarized, and an open-source software framework developed by the MDTF to aid application of PODs to centers' model development is presented in the context of other relevant community activities. The paper closes by discussing paths forward for the MDTF effort and for community process-oriented diagnosis.
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ISSN 0003-0007
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Funding Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ user @
Serial 1088
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Author Hoffman, R.N. ; Privé, N. ; Bourassa, M.
Title Comments on “Reanalyses and Observations: What's the Difference?” Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2017 Publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Abbreviated Journal Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Volume 98
Issue 11
Pages 2455-2459
Keywords GEOPHYSICAL DATA ; marine surface winds ; energy and water cycles
Abstract Are there important differences between reanalysis data and familiar observations and measurements? If so, what are they? This essay evaluates four possible answers that relate to: the role of inference, reliance on forecasts, the need to solve an ill-posed inverse problem, and understanding of errors and uncertainties. The last of these is argued to be most significant. The importance of characterizing uncertainties associated with results—whether those results are observations or measurements, analyses or reanalyses, or forecasts—is emphasized.
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ISSN 0003-0007
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Funding Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ rl18 @
Serial 990
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Author Legg, S. ; Briegleb, B. ; Chang, Y. ; Chassignet, E.P. ; Danabasoglu, G. ; Ezer, T. ; Gordon, A.L. ; Griffies, S. ; Hallberg, R. ; Jackson, L. ; Large, W. ; Özgökmen, T.M. ; Peters, H. ; Price, J. ; Riemenschneider, U. ; Wu, W. ; Xu, X. ; Yang, J.
Title Improving Oceanic Overflow Representation in Climate Models: The Gravity Current Entrainment Climate Process Team Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2009 Publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Abbreviated Journal Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Volume 90
Issue 5
Pages 657-670
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ISSN 0003-0007
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Funding Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ mfield @
Serial 683
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Author Shin, D.W. ; Ahn, J.B.
Title Adaptive Use of TRMM Observations for Tropical Precipitation Forecasts Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2002 Publication Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Abbreviated Journal Jmsj
Volume 80
Issue 1
Pages 85-97
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ISSN 0026-1165
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Funding Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ mfield @
Serial 831
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Author Bourassa, M. A.
Title Uncertainty in scatterometer derived vorticity Type $loc['typeConference Article']
Year 2009 Publication 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages III-805 - III-808
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Area Expedition Conference
Funding OVWST
Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ mfield @
Serial 673
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Author Weissman, D. E. ; Bourassa, M. A.
Title The combined effect of surface rain and wind on scatterometer observations of surface roughness Type $loc['typeConference Article']
Year 2009 Publication 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Cape Town, South Africa Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages I-108 - I-111
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Funding OVWST
Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ mfield @
Serial 674
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Author Weissman, D.E. ; Bourassa, M.A.
Title Measurements of the Effect of Rain-Induced Sea Surface Roughness on the QuikSCAT Scatterometer Radar Cross Section Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2008 Publication IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
Volume 46
Issue 10
Pages 2882-2894
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ISSN 0196-2892
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Funding NASA, OVWST, NASA HQ
Approved $loc['no']
Call Number COAPS @ mfield @
Serial 681
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Author Latif, M. ; Anderson, D. ; Barnett, T. ; Cane, M. ; Kleeman, R. ; Leetmaa, A. ; O'Brien, J. ; Rosati, A. ; Schneider, E.
Title A review of the predictability and prediction of ENSO Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 1998 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Abbreviated Journal J. Geophys. Res.
Volume 103
Issue C7
Pages 14375-14393
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Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0148-0227
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Call Number COAPS @ mfield @
Serial 746
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