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Author
Guimond, S
Title
Tropical Cyclone Inner-Core Dynamics: A Latent Heat Retrieval and Its Effects on Intensity and Structure Change; and the Impacts of Effective Diffusion on the Axisymmetrization Process
Type
$loc['typeManuscript']
Year
2010
Publication
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
Issue
Pages
Keywords
Hurricanes, Doppler Radar, Latent Heat, Axisymmetrization, Diffusion, Numerical Modeling
Abstract
Despite the fact that latent heating in cloud systems drives many atmospheric circulations, including tropical cyclones, little is known of its magnitude and structure due in large part to inadequate observations. In this work, a reasonably high-resolution (2 km), four-dimensional airborne Doppler radar retrieval of the latent heat of condensation is presented for rapidly intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Several advancements in the retrieval algorithm are shown including: (1) analyzing the scheme within the dynamically consistent framework of a numerical model, (2) identifying algorithm sensitivities through the use of ancillary data sources and (3) developing a precipitation budget storage term parameterization. The determination of the saturation state is shown to be an important part of the algorithm for updrafts of ~ 5 m s-1 or less. The uncertainties in the magnitude of the retrieved heating are dominated by errors in the vertical velocity. Using a combination of error propagation and Monte Carlo uncertainty techniques, biases were found to be small, and randomly distributed errors in the heating magnitude were ~16 % for updrafts greater than 5 m s-1 and ~156 % for updrafts of 1 m s- 1. The impact of the retrievals is assessed by inserting the heating into realistic numerical simulations at 2 km resolution and comparing the generated wind structure to the Doppler radar observations of Guillermo. Results show that using the latent heat retrievals outperforms a simulation that relies on a state-of-the-art microphysics scheme (Reisner and Jeffery 2009), in terms of wind speed root-mean-square errors, explained variance and eye/eyewall structure. The incorrect transport of water vapor (a function of the sub-grid model and the numerical approximations to advection) and the restrictions on the magnitude of heat release that ensure the present model's stability are suggested as sources of error in the simulation without the retrievals. Motivated by the latent heat retrievals, the dynamics of vortex axisymmetrization from the perspective of thermal anomalies is investigated using an idealized, non-linear atmospheric model (HIGRAD). Attempts at reproducing the results of previous work (Nolan and Grasso 2003; NG03) revealed a discrepancy with the impacts of purely asymmetric forcing. While NG03 found that purely asymmetric heating led to a negligible, largely negative impact on the vortex intensification, in the present study the impacts of asymmetries are found to have an important, largely positive role. Absolute angular momentum budgets revealed that the essential difference between the present work and that of NG03 was the existence of a significant, axisymmetric secondary circulation in the basic-state vortex used in the HIGRAD simulations. This secondary circulation was larger than that present in NG03's simulations. The spin-up of the vortex caused by the asymmetric thermal anomalies was dominated by the axisymmetric fluxes of angular momentum at all times, indicating fundamentally different evolution of asymmetries in the presence of radial flow. Radial momentum budgets were performed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the physically significant secondary circulation. Results show that explicit (sub-grid) diffusion in the model was producing a gradient wind imbalance, which drives a radial inflow and associated secondary circulation in an attempt to re-gain balance. In addition, the production of vorticity anomalies from the asymmetric heating was found to be sensitive to the eddy diffusivity, with large differences between HIGRAD and the widely used WRF model for the exact same value of this uncertain parameter.
Address
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science
Corporate Author
Thesis
$loc['Ph.D. thesis']
Publisher
Florida State University
Place of Publication
Tallahassee, FL
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
573
Permanent link to this record
Author
Guimond, S. R.
Title
A diagnostic study of the effects of trough interactions on tropical cyclone QPF.
Type
$loc['typeManuscript']
Year
2007
Publication
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
Issue
Pages
Keywords
Satellites, Precipitation, Tropical Cyclones, Troughs
Abstract
A composite study is presented analyzing the influence of upper-tropospheric troughs on the evolution of precipitation in twelve Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) between the years 2000 � 2005. The TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) is used to examine the enhancement of precipitation within a 24 h window centered on trough interaction (TI) time in a shear-vector relative coordinate system. Eddy angular momentum flux convergence (EFC) computed from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses is employed to objectively determine the initiation of a TI while adding insight, along with vertical wind shear, into the intensification of TC vortices. The relative roles of the dynamics (EFC and vertical wind shear) and thermodynamics (moist static energy potential) in TIs are outlined in the context of precipitation enhancement that provides quantitative insight into the “good trough”/“bad trough” paradigm. The largest precipitation rates and enhancements are found in the down-shear left quadrant of the storm, consistent with previous studies of convective asymmetries. Maximum mean enhancement values of 1.4 mm/h are found at the 200 km radius in the down-shear left quadrant. Results indicate that the largest precipitation enhancements occur with “medium” TIs; comprised of EFC values between 17 � 22 (m/s)/day and vertical wind shear Sensitivity tests on the upper vertical wind shear boundary reveal the importance of using the tropopause for wind shear computations when a TC enters mid-latitude regions. Changes in radial mean precipitation ranging from 29 � 40 % across all storm quadrants are found when using the tropopause as the upper boundary on the shear vector. Tests on the lower boundary using QuikSCAT ocean surface wind vectors expose large sensitivities on the precipitation ranging from 42 � 60 % indicating that the standard level of 850 hPa, outside of the boundary layer in most storms, is more physically reliable for computing vertical wind shear. These results should help to improve TC quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) as operational forecasters routinely rely on crude statistical methods and rules of thumb for forecasting TC precipitation.
Address
Department of Meteorology
Corporate Author
Thesis
$loc['Master's thesis']
Publisher
Florida State University
Place of Publication
Tallahassee, FL
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
NASA, OVWST
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
610
Permanent link to this record
Author
Guimond, S. R. ; Turk, J. ; Blankenship, C. ; Hawkins, J.
Title
Detecting tropical cyclone structural change with the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)
Type
$loc['typeConference Article']
Year
2006
Publication
86th Annual American Meteorological Society Meeting, Office of Naval Research, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
Issue
Pages
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
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Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
920
Permanent link to this record
Author
Gulev, S. K., S. A. Josey, M. A. Bourassa, L.-A. Breivik, M. F. Cronin, C. Fairall, S. Gille, E. C. Kent, C. M. Lee, M. J. McPhaden, P. M. S. Monteiro, U. Schuster, S. R. Smith, K. E. Trenberth, D. Wallace, and S. D. Woodruff
Title
Surface Energy, CO2 Fluxes and Sea Ice
Type
$loc['typeConference Article']
Year
2010
Publication
Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
1
Issue
Pages
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
Hall, J., Harrison, D.E. and Stammer, D.
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
NOAA, OCO, NASA, NEWS, OVWST
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
565
Permanent link to this record
Author
Hanley, D. ; Molinari, J. ; Keyser, D.
Title
A Composite Study of the Interactions between Tropical Cyclones and Upper-Tropospheric Troughs
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2001
Publication
Monthly Weather Review
Abbreviated Journal
Mon. Wea. Rev.
Volume
129
Issue
10
Pages
2570-2584
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
0027-0644
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
505
Permanent link to this record
Author
Hanley, D.E.
Title
The Evolution of a Hurricane-Trough Interaction from a Satellite Perspective
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2002
Publication
Weather and Forecasting
Abbreviated Journal
Wea. Forecasting
Volume
17
Issue
4
Pages
916-926
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
0882-8156
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
494
Permanent link to this record
Author
Hanley, D. E. ; Bourassa, M. A. ; O'Brien, J. J. ; Smith, S. R. ; Spade, E. R.
Title
The many faces of ENSO (A quantitative evaluation of ENSO indices)
Type
$loc['typeReport']
Year
2001
Publication
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
Issue
Pages
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
COAPS Technical Report 01-1, 31 pp., Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-2840
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
821
Permanent link to this record
Author
Hanley, D.E. ; Bourassa, M.A. ; O'Brien, J.J. ; Smith, S.R. ; Spade, E.R.
Title
A Quantitative Evaluation of ENSO Indices
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2003
Publication
Journal of Climate
Abbreviated Journal
J. Climate
Volume
16
Issue
8
Pages
1249-1258
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
0894-8755
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
NOAA
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
480
Permanent link to this record
Author
Hanley, DE ; Jagtap, S ; LaRow, TE ; Jones, JW ; Cocke, S ; Zierden, D ; O'Brien, JJ
Title
The linkage of regional climate models to crop models
Type
$loc['typeConference Article']
Year
2002
Publication
3rd Symposium on Environmental Applications
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
Issue
Pages
134-139
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
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Summary Language
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Series Editor
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Series Issue
Edition
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ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
3rd Symposium on Environmental Applications
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
501
Permanent link to this record
Author
Hart, R.E. ; Maue, R.N. ; Watson, M.C.
Title
Estimating Local Memory of Tropical Cyclones through MPI Anomaly Evolution
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2007
Publication
Monthly Weather Review
Abbreviated Journal
Mon. Wea. Rev.
Volume
135
Issue
12
Pages
3990-4005
Keywords
Hurricanes ; Tropical cyclones ; Sea surface temperature ; Stability
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author
Thesis
Publisher
Place of Publication
Editor
Language
Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
0027-0644
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ mfield @
Serial
698
Permanent link to this record