Latif, M., Anderson, D., Barnett, T., Cane, M., Kleeman, R., Leetmaa, A., et al. (1998). A review of the predictability and prediction of ENSO. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14375–14393.
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Laurencin, C., & Misra, V. (2018). Characterizing the Variations of the motion of the North Atlantic tropical cyclones. Meteorol Atmos Phys, 130(303), 1–12.
Abstract: In this study, we examine the seasonal and interannual variability of the North Atlantic (NATL) tropical cyclone (TC) motion from the historical Hurricane Database (HURDAT2) over the period 1988-2014. We characterize these motions based on their position, lifecycle, and seasonal cycle. The main findings of this study include: (1) of the 11,469 NATL TC fixes examined between 1988 and 2014, 81% of them had a translation speed of < 20 mph; (2) TCs in the deep tropics of the NATL are invariably slow-moving in comparison with TCs in higher latitudes. Although fast-moving TCs (> 40 mph) are exclusively found north of 30 N, the slow-moving TCs have a wide range of latitude. This is largely a consequence of the background steering flow being weaker (stronger) in the tropical (higher) latitudes with a minimum around the subtropical latitudes of NATL; (3) there is an overall decrease in the frequency of all categories of translation speed of TCs in warm relative to cold El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years. However, in terms of the percentage change, TCs with a translation speed in the range of 10-20 mph display the most change (42%) in warm relative to cold ENSO years; and (4) there is an overall decrease in frequency across all categories of TC translation speed in small relative to large Atlantic Warm Pool years, but in terms of percentage change in the frequency of TCs, there is a significant and comparable change in the frequency over a wider range of translation speeds than the ENSO composites. This last finding suggests that Atlantic Warm Pool variations have a more profound impact on the translation speed of Atlantic TCs than ENSO.
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Laxenaire, R., Speich, S., & Alexandre S. (2019). Evolution of the thermohaline structure of one Agulhas Ring reconstructed from satellite altimetry and Argo floats. Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans, 124(12), 8969–9003.
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Le Sommer, J., Chassignet, E. P., & Wallcraft, A. J. (2018). Ocean Circulation Modeling for Operational Oceanography: Current Status and Future Challenges. In and J. Verron J. Tintoré A. Pascual E. P. Chassignet (Ed.), New Frontiers in Operational Oceanography (pp. 289–305). Tallahassee, FL: GODAE OceanView.
Abstract: This chapter focuses on ocean circulation models used in operational oceanography, physical oceanography and climate science. Ocean circulation models area particular branch of ocean numerical modeling that focuses on the representation of ocean physical properties over spatial scales ranging from the global scale to less than a kilometer and time scales ranging from hours to decades. As such, they are an essential build-ing block for operational oceanography systems and their design receives a lot of attention from operational and research centers.
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Lee, C. M., Starkweather, S., Eicken, H., Timmermans, M. - L., Wilkinson, J., Sandven, S., et al. (2019). A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System. Front. Mar. Sci., 6.
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Legg, S., Briegleb, B., Chang, Y., Chassignet, E. P., Danabasoglu, G., Ezer, T., et al. (2009). Improving Oceanic Overflow Representation in Climate Models: The Gravity Current Entrainment Climate Process Team. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90(5), 657–670.
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Legler, D. M. (1998). Impact of Adjusted TAO Winds on Florida State University (FSU) Tropical Pacific Wind Products.
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Legler, D. M. (1996). Comparison of Surface Boundary Fields. WOCE Annual Report: 1996. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University.
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Legler, D. M., Bourassa, M. A., Rao, A. D., & O'Brien, J. J. (1998). NSCAT Surface Wind Fields Using Optimally Tuned Direct Minimization Techniques. In A. Staniforth (Ed.), CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic modeling, World Meteorological Organization (1.pp. 37–1.38).
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Legler, D. M., Bourassa, M. A., Rao, A. D., & O'Brien, J. J. (1998). NSCAT Surface Wind Fields Using Optimally Tuned Direct Minimization Techniques. In Ninth Conference on interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere, American Meteorological Society, Phoenix, AZ, USA (pp. 32–35).
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