Holbach, H. M., Uhlhorn, E. W., & Bourassa, M. A. (2018). Off-Nadir SFMR Brightness Temperature Measurements in High-Wind Conditions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 35(9), 1865–1879.
Abstract: Wind and wave-breaking directions are investigated as potential sources of an asymmetry identified in off-nadir remotely sensed measurements of ocean surface brightness temperatures obtained by the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) in high-wind conditions, including in tropical cyclones. Surface wind speed, which dynamically couples the atmosphere and ocean, can be inferred from SFMR ocean surface brightness temperature measurements using a radiative transfer model and an inversion algorithm. The accuracy of the ocean surface brightness temperature to wind speed calibration relies on accurate knowledge of the surface variables that are influencing the ocean surface brightness temperature. Previous studies have identified wind direction signals in horizontally polarized radiometer measurements in low to moderate (0�20 m s−1) wind conditions over a wide range of incidence angles. This study finds that the azimuthal asymmetry in the off-nadir SFMR brightness temperature measurements is also likely a function of wind direction and extends the results of these previous studies to high-wind conditions. The off-nadir measurements from the SFMR provide critical data for improving the understanding of the relationships between brightness temperature, surface wave�breaking direction, and surface wind vectors at various incidence angles, which is extremely useful for the development of geophysical model functions for instruments like the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD).
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Holbach, H. M., & Bourassa, M. A. (2017). Platform and Across-Swath Comparison of Vorticity Spectra From QuikSCAT, ASCAT-A, OSCAT, and ASCAT-B Scatterometers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 10(5), 2205–2213.
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Ali, M. M., Bourassa, M. A., Bhowmick, S. A., Sharma, R., & Niharika, K. (2016). Retrieval of Wind Stress at the Ocean Surface From AltiKa Measurements. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett., 13(6), 821–825.
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Ali, M. M., Bhowmick, S. A., Sharma, R., Chaudhury, A., Pezzullo, J. C., Bourassa, M. A., et al. (2015). An Artificial Neural Network Model Function (AMF) for SARAL-Altika Winds. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 8(11), 5317–5323.
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Ali, M. M., Bhat, G. S., Long, D. G., Bharadwaj, S., & Bourassa, M. A. (2013). Estimating Wind Stress at the Ocean Surface From Scatterometer Observations. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett., 10(5), 1129–1132.
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Weissman, D. E., & Bourassa, M. A. (2011). The Influence of Rainfall on Scatterometer Backscatter Within Tropical Cyclone Environments-Implications on Parameterization of Sea-Surface Stress. In IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (Vol. 49, pp. 4805–4814).
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Weissman, D. E., & Bourassa, M. A. (2008). Measurements of the Effect of Rain-Induced Sea Surface Roughness on the QuikSCAT Scatterometer Radar Cross Section. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 46(10), 2882–2894.
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Weissman, D. E., Bourassa, M. A., O'Brien, J. J., & Tongue, J. S. (2003). Calibrating the quikscat/seawinds radar for measuring rainrate over the oceans. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 41(12), 2814–2820.
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Bourassa, M. A., Freilich, M. H., Legler, D. M., Liu, W. T., & O'Brien, J. J. (1997). Wind observations from new satellite and research vessels agree (Vol. 78).
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Smith, S. R., Bourassa, M. A., & Long, M. (2011). Pirate attacks affect Indian Ocean climate research. Eos Trans. AGU, 92(27), 225.
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